#Bandhua Mukti Morcha case#Article 21#bonded labour#public interest litigation#Supreme Court
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4 min
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Oct 1
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Landmark Cases
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Frequently Asked Questions
1What was the Bandhua Mukti Morcha case about?
It involved bonded labourers in Faridabad working in inhuman conditions, with a PIL filed by the NGO Bandhua Mukti Morcha under Article 32.
2What did the Supreme Court decide in Bandhua Mukti Morcha?
The Court held that Article 21 includes the right to live with dignity, free from exploitation, and directed the state to rehabilitate bonded labourers.
3Why is Bandhua Mukti Morcha considered a PIL landmark?
The Court liberalized locus standi, allowing NGOs to file petitions on behalf of marginalized groups, expanding access to justice.
4How did Bandhua Mukti Morcha expand Article 21?
It extended Article 21 to include protection from bonded labour, humane working conditions, and socio-economic rights.
5Which later cases built on Bandhua Mukti Morcha?
Olga Tellis (1985), Unni Krishnan (1993), and Puttaswamy (2017) further expanded socio-economic and dignity-based rights under Article 21.
